ID03 - Surface Diffraction Beamline

Synopsis

The beamline is dedicated to the in-situ studies of the structure and morphology of surfaces. It hosts two diffractometers, one for UHV studies and one that can host different user-specific apparatuses. Real-time experiments are possible, giving the possibility of studying growth processes or reaction at surfaces (as heterogenous catalysis).

Disciplines

• Physics
• Chemistry
• Environmental Sciences
• Life Sciences

Applications

• Surface science
• Nanoscience
• Catalysis
• Liquid-solid interfaces
• Solid-Solid interfaces
• Growth
• Surface phase transitions

Techniques

• Anomalous diffraction
• DAFS - diffraction anomalous fine structure
• GID - grazing incidence diffraction
• GISAXS - grazing incidence small-angle scattering
• MOKE - magnetic optical Kerr effect
• Resonant diffraction
• SXRD - surface X-ray diffraction
• XRR - X-ray reflectivity

Sample environments

• UHV end station:
• -Pressure range 10^-10 mbar - 1 bar
• -T range 15K - 2000K
• -Quartz balance
• -Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)
• -e-beam evaporators
• -Knudsen cells
• Flow reactor
• -pressure range: min pressure 10^-9 mbar
• -pressure range in flow conditions: 10 mbar - 2 bars (up to 5 is possible)
• -mass flow controller for oxygen, carbon mono-oxide, argon, methane, and other gases on request
• -T range 300K - 1200K
• -ion sputtering
• -e-beam evaporator
• -Mass spectrometer
• Batch reactor
• -pressure range 1*10^-9 mbar - 3 bars
• -T range 300K - 1200K
• -ion sputtering
• -mass spectrometer
• Batch reactor for harsh conditions (suitable for use with HCl, H2S gases and similar)
• -pressure range 1*10^-9 mbar - 3 bars
• -T range 300K - 1200K
• -ion sputtering
• -mass spectrometer

Detectors

• Maxipix 2D pixel detector standard on both diffractometers
• Scintillator counter with energy analyzer
• Avalanche photodiode
• FReLon CCD camera
• MAR CCD camera
• Sensicam

[1] S. Ferrer and F. Comin, "Surface diffraction beamline at the ESRF", Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995) 1674-1676. [2] P. Bernard, K. Peters, J. Alvarez, et al., "Ultrahigh vacuum high pressure chamber for surface x-ray diffraction experiments", Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999) 1478-1480. [3] O. Balmes, R. van Rijn, D. Wermeille, A. Resta, L. Petit, H. Isern, T. Dufrane, R. Felici, "The ID03 surface diffraction beamline for in-situ and real-time X-ray investigations of catalytic reactions at surfaces", Catalysis Today 145 (2009) 220-226. [4] R. van Rijn, M.D. Ackermann, O. Balmes, T. Dufrane, A. Geluk, H. Gonzalez, H. Isérn, E. de Kuyper, L. Petit, V.A. Sole, D. Wermeille, R. Felici, and J.W.M. Frenken, "Ultrahigh vacuum/high-pressure flow reactor for surface x-ray diffraction and grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering studies close to conditions for industrial catalysis", Review of Scientific Instruments 81 (2010) 014101-1-014101-8.